You can rest assured, in addition to – and especially – certainly one of positives meetmindful pÅ™ihlásit, which our intellectual vocabulary is highly organised. There are a great number of relationships between your solitary terms away from a vocabulary and also the definitions of these terminology, respectively. One of linguists, this type of affairs have been called “semantic relationships”, “experience affairs” or “lexical relations”. This type of semantic affairs should be analysed and discussed for area, and in the second, initial of them of those interactions can be showed.
To help you offer a primary, important description of the cutting-edge, it must be mentioned that there are lots of research projects about this material. However, which papers could only include many. Books which was used is obtainable not as much as part six, “Listing of Really works Quoted”. Enterprise delimitations have only become made as much as outline are alarmed. Because this report is just a highly brief little bit of browse, the new people has confined themselves not to enter into too-much outline, but instead you will need to render good survey of your thing.
dos.1 Polysemy And you can Homonymy
Polysemy can be described as “an expression included in semantic research to mention so you can a good lexical product which has various other significance” (Amazingly 1997, 297). Crystal gets due to the fact analogy to own polysemy new lexical goods “plain”, which has the many significance “clear”, “unadorned”, “obvious”, an such like.(ibid. Crystal).
Now, the problem you to definitely appears having linguists is how to differentiate polysemy from an alternative ambiguity, out of homonymy. Amazingly defines homonymy while the “a term utilized in semantic investigation to refer so you can [several] lexical things that [affect] have a similar means, however, disagree inside definition” (Amazingly 1997, 185). Crystal’s advice here are “bear” and you can “ear”. “Bear” can also be determine an animal or may have this is from “to bring”, “ear” is also make reference to the human body or to corn (ibid. Crystal).
Throughout these instances, homonymy discusses one another spoken and you will created forms, but it is plus likely that the newest label from two lexemes is actually one average, whereby linguists manage speak of partial homonymy or heteronymy (ibid. Crystal). One can distinguish two types of limited homonymy:
– Homography: a few lexical activities have a similar created mode, but disagree within the pronunciation (a good example will be the a couple lexical bits of “lead”, you to definitely noticable [li:d] and definition “to settle top”, one other obvious [led] and you may defining a separate sorts of material). – Homophony: two lexical issues have a similar pronunciation, however, disagree for the spelling
(elizabeth.grams. both lexical issues “led” and you can “lead”, all of which can be pronounced [led], the original being the previous tense out of “to lead”, the latter again defining an alternative particular steel).
two sorts From Ambiguity
Ergo, polysemy and you may homonymy will likely be distinguished from one another because of the present otherwise forgotten relatedness within significance in fact it is designated to one phonological means. What’s the center of one’s matter, ‘s the matter to what the quantity this notion regarding “relatedness” should be given. This means that: how do “relatedness” getting defined? In the event that a definite and you can perfect definition could well be offered, the complete problem could be solved, getting then your occurrence away from phonological models whose relatedness will likely be proved might possibly be called “homonymy”, whose relatedness cannot be turned out could be named “polysemy”. However, because happens so frequently in the area of semantics, one cannot simply provide an obvious and you may indisputable definition of the word “relatedness”. There are 2 basic remedies for this matter, one to offered by historic semantics, others by the synchronic semantics.
Historic semantics interprets the notion “relatedness” mostly genetically and therefore talks of polysemy in the event the a good lexeme having various other definitions contains a similar etymological sources (Kastovsky 1982, 121). Instances is “game” into the several meanings “wild animals” and you can “lively hobby” or “funny” definition possibly “strange” otherwise “amusing”. One another advice let you know lexemes whose additional significance have the same etymological root and are usually thus translated because the polysemy because of the historical semantics.