Bee Varieties Assortment
Out of 2009 so you’re able to 2018, 192 bee variety (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) was actually caught up inside Calanques Government Playground through both online and you will dish trap collection. They belonged so you can half dozen family members and you may 38 genera. Megachilidae are among the very classes-rich household members, followed by Apidae and you will Halictidae, which have 53, forty-two, and you can 43 kinds, correspondingly. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 is simply the richest genus, having 33 assortment, if you’re eight genera was basically illustrated about just one varieties (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Desk step one [on the web only] ). Making use of the jackknife step 1 and 2 spiders, the latest bee kinds fullness is actually projected to be anywhere between ± nine.89 and you will ± . This new viewed fullness thus represented 71.3 so you can 79.6% of estimated bee richness ( Table 2). The Chao1 approach estimated the fresh new viewed richness to acquire 76.8% of the possible maximum richness ( Desk 2). Probably the most abundant varieties is actually Apis mellifera L. (276 people), having Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you may 168 individuals, respectively), and you will Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 people). Ultimately, fifty categories (26%) was indeed represented of the only 1 personal (singletons).
Environment Characteristics out-of Bees
Regarding your environment characteristics out-of nesting requires, we realized 59 single bee kinds nesting above floor, 92 unmarried bee range nesting below ground and you may 23 cleptoparasitic variety, like 29.7, 47.9, and you will numerous.0% of one’s over bee variety richness, respectively. We notion of four individual variety (bumble bees and you can honey bees-dos.1%). Sooner, the nesting tastes away from fourteen diversity remain not familiar (7.3%- Supp Table the first step [on the internet merely] ). Concerning your floral diet plan regarding bee categories, i learned that 105 types (54.7%) foraged into of many plant kinds (we.many years., generalist range, polylectic) and 51 species (26.5%) foraged on a single bush family members if not that/couples bush types (i.ages., top-notch species, oligolectic). Into the kept 36 bee assortment (18.8%), the newest flowery diet plan was not recognized (age.g., that have cleptoparasitic variety). maybe not, extremely generalist kinds shown a desires for example otherwise several of bush family ( Supp Table 1 [on the web merely] ). With the 44 singletons, fourteen bee kinds (28%) was actually gurus, and you may nine bee variety (18%) was in fact cleptoparasitic ( Supp Table step 1 [on the web just] ).
An enthusiastic IUCN reputation are readily available getting 178 diversity (excluding the fresh new groups buildings and you will unknown designs). The essential, 47 systems try categorized as study without (DD-twenty six.4%), 124 varieties was basically a minimum worried (LC-69.6%), six types was near endangered (NT-step three.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and another kinds is thought threatened (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Dining table 1 [on the web only] ). About three oligolectic kinds were one of many 7 endangered bee brands. An effective. ovatula and C. albomaculatus try specialist to the Fabaceae, D. argentata is simply a specialist on the Caprifoliaceae.
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Out-of 2009 to help you 2018, 38 types of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) was basically caught in to the Calanques National Playground. It belonged in order to 24 genera ( Supp Table 2 [on the web simply] ). One particular numerous genera was Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 anybody), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (14 somebody), and you can Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de– Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville in Latreille, 1828 (thirteen anyone), while 20 versions (53%) had been illustrated regarding only one personal ( Supp Desk dos [on line just] ). The newest bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) was in fact depicted of one’s 20 species, including four singletons (25%) ( Supp Dining table step three [online merely] ). The newest price out of complete diversity fullness away-out-of hover flies and you will bee flies was anywhere between 83 and you can 97 kinds utilizing the jackknife 1 and you may dos indexes, respectively. Consequently, the brand new seen richness represented 59.8–69.9% of the projected hover travel and you can bee fly richness ( Dining table dos).